Characteristics of water vapor permeation in membrane distillation.

Water Desalination by Membrane Distillation

Water is the most common substance in the world, however, 97% is seawater and only 3% is fresh water. The availability of water for human consumption is decreasing due to increasing the environmental pollution. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), about 2.4 billion people do not have access to basic sanitation facilities, and more than one billion people do not have access to safe ...

Using PERVAP 2201 Membrane in Vapor Permeation Facilitated Isopropyl Propionate Production through Esterification Reaction

Energetics of water permeation through fullerene membrane.

Lipid bilayer membranes are important as fundamental structures in biology and possess characteristic water-permeability, stability, and mechanical properties. Water permeation through a lipid bilayer membrane occurs readily, and more readily at higher temperature, which is largely due to an enthalpy cost of the liquid-to-gas phase transition of water. A fullerene bilayer membrane formed by dis...

Membrane Distillation for Water Recovery and Its Fouling Phenomena

The total volume of water on Earth is circa 300 million cubic miles, with close to 98.0% being salt water and the remaining 2.0% fresh water. It has been increasingly more challenging to harvest fresh water from surface water, seawater and even from wastewater due to the combination of factors, viz. burgeoning population growth, rapid industrialization and climate change. Recently, membrane dis...

Liquid - Vapor Equilibrium/Distillation

Background The volatility of a compound is its ability to change into a vapor, or to evaporate at a particular temperature and pressure. The normal boiling point of a liquid usually allows comparison of its volatility to other materials, with lower boiling points indicating greater volatility, but this may be affected somewhat by the presence of other materials. Comparison of the concentration ...